Key points 

• Energy conservation helps individuals with long-term health conditions manage fatigue by modifying daily tasks for greater efficiency. 

• Occupational therapy supports energy conservation through personalized strategies, tools, and behaviour changes. 

• The 5 Ps — Pace, Position, Pause, Plan, and Prioritise — are core principles that guide individuals in managing their energy effectively. 

• Pacing involves working at a steady speed, alternating tasks, and using rest positions to prevent exhaustion.

• Proper positioning and adaptive equipment can reduce physical strain and effort during daily activities. 
  
  
• Scheduled breaks and relaxation techniques are essential to prevent fatigue and maintain energy levels. 

• Planning ahead and prioritising meaningful activities allows for better energy use and improved quality of life. 

Introduction 

Living with a long-term health condition doesn’t mean giving up on your daily activities, it means doing them smarter. Occupational therapy (OT) plays a crucial role in helping individuals manage their energy levels more effectively, enabling them to live full, balanced lives while reducing fatigue. 

What is energy conservation? 

Energy conservation involves performing daily tasks in ways that reduce physical effort and fatigue, preserving energy for the activities that matter most. Occupational therapists work with people to modify how tasks are done, recommend helpful tools, and support habit changes that lead to more efficient energy use. 

The 5 Ps: Core Principles of Energy Conservation 

Occupational therapy often teaches a method called the 5 Ps of energy conservation: 

1. Pace yourself
   
2. Position yourself and equipment
3. Pause and relax 
4. Plan ahead 
5. Prioritise tasks 

Each of these strategies supports people in making the most of their energy throughout the day.  So, let’s take a look at what each of them involves. 

1. Pace yourself

An occupational therapist can help you recognise signs of fatigue and coach you to work at a manageable speed. Rushing leads to exhaustion, while pacing allows you to complete more without burnout. 

• Use slow, rhythmic movements. 

• Alternate between light and heavy tasks. 

• Spread demanding activities across the day or week. 

• Use recovery positions — such as sitting with arms supported or leaning on a counter  —when short of breath. 

2. Position yourself and your tools 

Proper positioning can significantly reduce unnecessary use of energy. An occupational therapist can assess your environment and suggest ergonomic adjustments, such as: 

• Keeping your work at waist to shoulder height. 

• Use long-handled tools where appropriate (e.g., reachers, dressing sticks, long-handled sponges). 

• Carrying items close to your body to minimise strain. 

• Sitting while performing tasks like ironing, chopping, or washing dishes. 

• Using stools, trolleys, and equipment to reduce lifting and standing time. 

3. Pause and relax 

Rest is not a luxury —i t’s a key part of managing, and ultimately conserving, your energy. Occupational therapy guidance includes scheduling breaks into your day and using relaxation techniques: 

• Take breaks before you feel exhausted. 

• Break tasks into smaller steps with rests in between.  

• Use relaxation methods to manage stress and breathing. 

• Elevate your legs when resting. 

• Schedule daily rest and ensure good-quality sleep at night.   

4. Plan ahead foroptimal energy consumption 

Planning is essential for managing limited energy. Occupational therapists can help set realistic goals and build sustainable routines: 

• Identify your most energetic times of day for demanding tasks. 

• Planning for interruptions and recovery time. 

• Modifying old habits by asking, "Is there a simpler way to do this?" 

• Breaking big tasks (like mowing the lawn) into shorter sessions. 

5. Prioritisewhat matters the most 

Occupational therapists help you focus on what's most important, whether it’s self-care, family time, or hobbies.  This can might look like: 

• Using a planner to space out daily and weekly tasks. 

• Prioritising sleep, nutrition, and gentle exercise. 

• Asking for help. 

• Spending your energy on activities that bring joy and meaning.

Otherpractical tips from occupational therapists 

Occupational therapists often recommend simple tools and tricks that reduce effort: 

• Letting dishes air dry. 

• Using a wheeled laundry basket or clothes horse. 

• Carrying essentials in an apron with pockets. 

• Using a stool for showering and drying. 

• Opting for stretch fabrics for easier dressing. 

• Keeping slow cookers or electric pans at counter height. 

• Trying electric toothbrushes and grooming tools. 

• Using a commode or urinal to limit night-time bathroom trips. 

When should you see an occupational therapist? 

With the support of occupational therapy, energy conservation becomes not just possible, but empowering. By learning how to pace, plan, and prioritise, you can stay active and engaged in the things you love—without running out of energy.  

If fatigue is interfering with your ability to live the life you want, an occupational therapist can help. They provide tailored solutions to help you stay independent, active, and in control.   
 
At Active+, our experienced team is ready to provide support and guidance to help you achieve your goals and improve your quality of life, so get in touch today. Click here to find an Active+ occupational therapist near you